Which of the following best describes predispositions in the biological framework?

• A. Traits that guarantee outcomes regardless of experience.
• B. Traits that increase likelihood of outcomes and can be shaped by experience.
• C. Traits that are fixed at birth and never change.
• D. Traits only relevant to physical characteristics.

Answer: (B)

Predispositions in the biological framework are genetic tendencies that make certain outcomes more likely, but they are not guarantees and can be shaped by experience and environment. This is why the best description is that these traits increase the likelihood of outcomes and can be influenced by experience. They reflect that biology provides a tilt or probability toward certain responses or conditions, which can be amplified, reduced, or altered by learning, environment, and life experiences.

This concept contrasts with the idea that traits are guaranteed to appear regardless of experience, or that they are fixed at birth and never change, or that they only relate to physical characteristics. Genetic predispositions are probabilistic and context-dependent, and they can involve behavioral and cognitive tendencies as well as physical ones.