Which statement best describes one of the effects of cortisol?

• A. Longer-term stress response
• B. Increases blood glucose
• C. Increases protein degradation
• D. Decreases inflammation and immunity

Answer: (A)

Cortisol is a glucocorticoid released from the adrenal cortex that supports the body's prolonged response to stress. It kicks in after the initial fight-or-flight surge and helps keep energy available by mobilizing glucose and other fuels over hours to days, while also dampening certain immune and inflammatory processes.

Among the statements, describing cortisol as facilitating a longer-term stress response best captures its overall role. The other effects—raising blood glucose, promoting protein breakdown, and reducing inflammation and immunity—are real and important mechanisms, but they are specific outcomes that contribute to the extended stress response. The emphasis on timing distinguishes cortisol’s function from quick, immediate actions and highlights its role in sustaining the body's adaptation to ongoing stress.